The price range between a swing low and swing high. Used to define Premium (upper 50%), Discount (lower 50%), and Equilibrium (50%).

Value framework using a dealing range: discount (below 50%) for buys, premium (above 50%) for sells. Premium and Discount are a simple idea: Discount = cheap (better place to buy), Premium = expensive (better place to sell).

Midpoint of a dealing range. Divides premium/discount and often acts as a rebalance reference. Equilibrium is the midpoint of a chosen price range (a dealing range) - the simplest way to define 'middle of value.'

A framework that organizes ICT tools (OBs, FVGs, Breakers) into Premium/Discount zones of a dealing range. PD Arrays tell you WHERE to look for high-probability entries, not WHEN to enter.

Explains the difference between major (external) and minor (internal) structure. External structure defines the primary trend; internal structure shows smaller swings inside those legs. Understanding which layer you're analyzing prevents getting chopped.

Internal liquidity sits inside the dealing range (minor highs/lows, equal highs/lows). External liquidity sits at range edges (major swing highs/lows). Internal raids often precede delivery to external.

An inefficiency created by one-sided participation during a fast displacement move. The 'thin' zone left behind often acts as a magnet, with price revisiting it later for rebalancing. VI is related to FVG but emphasizes thinness due to aggressive one-way trading.

A technique for narrowing higher-timeframe order blocks into tighter lower-timeframe entry zones. This allows for tighter stop losses and better risk-to-reward ratios while maintaining HTF context.

A 5-step entry framework: 1) Liquidity Sweep (raid), 2) Displacement (impulse), 3) MSS/CHoCH (structure shift), 4) Retrace into PD Array (FVG/OB/Breaker), 5) Continuation to target liquidity. This is a sequence model, not a single detectable pattern.

Framework: Original Consolidation → Engineering Liquidity (Curve) → Smart Money Reversal (SMR) → Release. MMXM describes how price moves between liquidity pools by engineering stops, reversing at HTF PD arrays, then releasing to clear engineered and original consolidation liquidity.

Down (engineer lower highs/buy stops) → SMR into HTF discount array → MSS up → retrace into FVG/OB → release up to BSL and original range highs. MMBM moves price from Premium down to Discount, accumulates longs, then reverses to clear Buy-Side Liquidity.

Up (engineer higher lows/sell stops) → SMR into HTF premium array → MSS down → retrace into Breaker/FVG → release down to SSL and original range lows. MMSM moves price from Discount up to Premium, accumulates shorts, then reverses to clear Sell-Side Liquidity.

Explains how markets revisit inefficiencies (FVG, Liquidity Void, Volume Imbalance) and key reference prices to restore a more balanced auction. When price moves too quickly, it leaves 'unfinished business' behind that acts like a magnet.

Time-based reference prices that act as bias benchmarks. Weekly Open (WO) and Monthly Open (MO) help frame whether price is trading in bullish or bearish context for that period.

The daily opening price at 00:00 NY time. Acts as an intraday bias reference: price above = bullish context, below = bearish context. Many days start with early deviation (inducement), then reclaim or reject the open.

Daily profile: London sell-side sweep → displacement + MSS → retrace into PD array → NY expansion to buy-side liquidity. A day where the market forms a meaningful low early (often during London) and then trends higher.

Daily profile: London buy-side sweep → displacement + MSS → retrace into PD array → NY expansion to sell-side liquidity. A day where the market forms a meaningful high early (often during London) and then trends lower.

Day types & weekly delivery templates (classic buy/sell, range, trend, reversal, seek & destroy) for planning and filtering trades. A profile is a repeatable 'shape' the market makes as it delivers price during a session or week.

Trap move that baits traders into the wrong side before displacement. Common around midnight open, Asia range edges, and killzones. The market 'baits' traders into the wrong direction before the real move happens.

Daily rollover gap (5pm→6pm NY). The price gap between prior day close and new day open on FX feeds. Often acts as a magnet/inefficiency zone; watch CE (midpoint) for reactions.

Weekend gap (Friday close → Sunday open). Acts as weekly inefficiency; CE often reacts; used for weekly bias/targets. The gap between Friday close and Sunday open becomes a strong weekly reference level.

RTH-only futures gap between prior RTH close and today's RTH open. Acts as support/resistance; watch CE for hold vs fill. The gap between yesterday's RTH close and today's RTH open becomes a key reference zone for the day.

An imbalance created when price moves up aggressively, leaving a gap between candle 1's high and candle 3's low.

An imbalance created when price moves down aggressively, leaving a gap between candle 1's low and candle 3's high.

An FVG that fails and flips its role. A bullish FVG that breaks can act as resistance on a retest (and vice versa).

The last down candle before an impulsive up move. Institutions often return to this zone to buy.

The last up candle before an impulsive down move. Institutions often return to this zone to sell.

Price spikes above equal highs to trigger buy stops, then reverses. A classic liquidity grab.

Price spikes below equal lows to trigger sell stops, then reverses. A classic liquidity grab.

Continuation move that takes liquidity and keeps going (acceptance). Distinguish from sweeps that reverse. Price takes a known liquidity level and continues in the same direction with acceptance.

The three major trading sessions: Asian (range-building), London (volatility), and New York (confirmation).

Time windows where liquidity/volatility increase (session opens/overlaps). Use as a timing filter for sweep → displacement → PD-array entries.

Market phases: consolidation builds liquidity; expansion delivers price with displacement. Trade transition: sweep → displacement → PD-array retrace.

Strong directional move showing intent. Often follows a sweep/inducement, breaks structure, and creates an FVG/imbalance for retrace entries.

A failed bearish order block that flips to support. Price breaks through and the zone becomes a buying opportunity.

A failed bullish order block that flips to resistance. Price breaks through and the zone becomes a selling opportunity.

Price aggressively breaks a key lower high in a downtrend, signaling potential reversal to bullish.

Price aggressively breaks a key higher low in an uptrend, signaling potential reversal to bearish.

A bullish BOS confirms uptrend continuation. Price breaks above a prior swing high while the swing low holds.

A bearish BOS confirms downtrend continuation. Price breaks below a prior swing low while the swing high holds.

A previous swing high where shorts entered. When price returns after sweeping lows, those shorts get mitigated.

A previous swing low where longs entered. When price returns after sweeping highs, those longs get mitigated.

Equal highs form a buy-side liquidity pool. Buy stops cluster above, making it a target for smart money sweeps.

Equal lows form a sell-side liquidity pool. Sell stops cluster below, making it a target for smart money sweeps.

A bullish engulfing candle at a demand zone signals strong institutional buying. Body completely covers prior candle.

A bearish engulfing candle at a supply zone signals strong institutional selling. Body completely covers prior candle.

Price sweeps above an obvious resistance level to trigger buy stops, then immediately reverses. Wick above, close below.

Price sweeps below an obvious support level to trigger sell stops, then immediately reverses. Wick below, close above.

Price retraces into a liquidity void, often to the 50% level, then shows exhaustion and reverses in the original direction.

After creating a void, price partially fills it then continues in the original direction. Entry on reaction at void level.

A pause in an uptrend where smart money accumulates more longs. Often includes a spring (sweep) before breakout.

A pause in a downtrend where smart money distributes more shorts. Often includes an upthrust (sweep) before breakdown.

Asian session creates a range. London open sweeps one side, then reverses to target the opposite side. Classic ICT setup.

NY open (8:30-10 AM EST) often features a stop hunt of London session highs/lows before establishing the true daily direction.

London close (10 AM - 12 PM EST) features profit-taking. Morning trends often reverse or stall during this period.

A false breakout reversal pattern. Price breaks beyond an obvious high/low (taking liquidity), then immediately reverses.

ICT setup occurring in specific windows (10-11 AM or 2-3 PM EST). An FVG forms during this window for high-probability entry.

The sweet spot for entries at the 62%-79% Fibonacci retracement level. Offers best risk:reward for trend continuation.

The daily price cycle: Accumulation (Asian), Manipulation (London sweep), Distribution (NY true move).

A false directional move at session open that traps traders before the real move. The market 'betrays' early entries.

Signals potential reversal from bearish to bullish. Price breaks above a recent swing high protecting the downtrend.

Signals potential reversal from bullish to bearish. Price breaks below a recent swing low protecting the uptrend.

Smart Money Technique Divergence: correlated instruments fail to confirm each other's highs or lows, signaling reversal.